Burnout is characterized by emotional exhaustion, cynicism and ineffectiveness in the workplace, and by chronic negative responses to stressful workplace conditions. While not considered a mental illness, burnout can be considered a mental health issue. Burnout is more likely when employees:
- Expect too much of themselves
- Never feel that the work they are doing is good enough
- Feel inadequate or incompetent
- Feel unappreciated for their work efforts
- Have unreasonable demands placed upon them
- Are in roles that are not a good job fit
Because it can be chronic in nature, affecting both the health and performance of employees at all levels of organizations, prevention strategies are considered the most effective approach for addressing workplace burnout.
Consider workplace factors
Employees may have greater instances of burnout when they feel that they are:
not making an adequate contribution to their organization
do not feel their efforts are appreciated
have role conflict
work overload (even when they say they can handle it)
lack of predictable and clear expectations.
Recognize signs and symptoms
The majority of employees experiencing burnout will remain at work. Being aware of changes in attitudes and energy can help with early identification. Employees may not realize that they are dealing with burnout and may instead believe that they are just struggling to keep up during stressful times. Stress, however, is usually experienced as feeling anxious and having a sense of urgency while burnout is more commonly experienced as helplessness, hopelessness or apathy.
Employees may not be aware of the negative impacts on their performance that this can have, such as increased errors or lower productivity. Employers and co-workers may attribute the changes to a poor attitude or loss of motivation. The negative effects of burnout can increase significantly before anyone recognizes or addresses the problem and unaddressed burnout can increase the chance of developing clinical depression or other serious conditions. Some of the signs and symptoms that an employee experiencing burnout may exhibit include:
- Reduced efficiency and energy
- Lowered levels of motivation
- Increased errors
- Fatigue
- Headaches
- Irritability
- Increased frustration
- Suspiciousness
- More time spent working with less being accomplished
Severe burnout can also result in:
- Self-medication with alcohol and other substances
- Sarcasm and negativity
- Debilitating self-doubt
Left unaddressed, burnout may result in a number of outcomes including:
- Poor physical health
- Clinical depression
- Reduced job satisfaction
- Decreased productivity
- Increased absenteeism
- Increased risk of accidents
- Poor workplace morale
- Communication breakdown
- Increased turnover
The lies we tell ourselves
Some employees who have recovered from burnout share what they called “the lies we told ourselves” related to denying the signs of burnout, even when loved ones pointed it out to them. These included:
- I am fine
- It is your nagging at me that is stressful
- I love my job
- I am happy to take more on
- I am just tired
- You don’t understand, no one else can do this
- People are depending on me
- I really want to be helpful
- I will be fine once this is done
- This too will pass
- I need to get back to the top of my game
- I’ll take a vacation and then be okay
- If people just let me do my job, I would be fine
- It’s not me, it is everyone and everything else
Most actually believed these statements to be true and to a certain extent, many of them were. The “lie” was in denying that their current situation was damaging their health and well-being and that changes were necessary. This denial eventually led to burnout.
Prevention strategies
- Provide clear expectations for all employees and obtain confirmation that each employee understands those expectations.
- Make sure employees have the necessary resources and skills to meet expectations.
- Provide ongoing training to employees to maintain competency.
- Help employees understand their value to the organization and their contributions to the organization’s goals.
- Enforce reasonable work hours, including, if necessary, sending employees without good boundaries home at the end of their regular work day.
- Help assess workload for those who feel pressured to remain working beyond normal business hours.
- Set reasonable and realistic expectations. Organizations should be clear as to which activities require the highest standards and when it is okay to lower the bar and still meet business needs.
- Encourage social support and respect within and among work teams.
- Support physical activity throughout the workday.
- Strongly encourage the taking of breaks away from the work environment.
- Consider how leadership approaches might impact employees at risk of burnout:
Strategies for overachievers
Those who are overachievers are at a higher risk of burnout. These are individuals who often respond to work stress by taking on more work, which can be further exacerbated by a workplace that consistently looks to top performers to take on most of the toughest projects as well as additional tasks such as mentoring lower performers. Strategies to balance these expectations include:
- Avoid always requiring the overachiever to compensate for others. Give your top performers the opportunity to work with colleagues that are at or near their level of competence. This allows more balanced sharing of a project’s workload and pressures as well as the opportunity to learn and grow together. Having to consistently pick up the slack and/or coach lesser performers can drain a high performer’s energy and morale.
- Give high performers choices. Many leaders assume their overachievers only want to work on the most demanding projects. In some cases this may be true, but over time, this may move that employee further away from what they loved about their job in the first place. The leader may be surprised by which projects a higher performing employee might actually enjoy working on.
- Watch out for the “Yes” people. The overachiever may agree to every request because they feel that it is expected, have a hard time saying “no”, or underestimate the amount of time and energy that it will take. The employee who keeps agreeing to do that one more thing may feel like they’re never getting caught up, are inadequate, and not living up to expectations. These thoughts can be drivers of burnout.
Support recovery at work
- As part of any plan, ask the employee how best to recognize their successes and victories. This could include immediate and personal praise, opportunities for growth and development, public recognition, or incentives. It is important to understand what is most valued by the employee. This may help as employees experiencing burnout often have a significant loss of confidence in their overall competency.
- Consider opportunities for the employee to help or support others, keeping in mind this may not be a great strategy if that was a regular and difficult part of the employee’s job prior to their burnout. By taking the attention away from what they are not doing well, and instead using their strengths to mentor or coach someone else, you may help reduce apathy and cynicism.
- Help organize and prioritize work into manageable and clear expectations. These changes can help rebuild energy over time and aid in recovery.